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James Bond is the fictional protagonist of a series of novels and short stories, first published in 1953. Bond, often referred to by his code name, 007, is a British Secret Service agent; the character was created by journalist and author Ian Fleming, and first appeared in his 1953 novel ''Casino Royale''; the books are set in a contemporary period, between May 1951 and February 1964. Fleming went on to write a total of twelve novels and two collections of short stories, all written at his Jamaican home Goldeneye and published annually. Two of his books were published after his death in 1964. Since Fleming's death a number of other authors have written continuation works. Some of these have been novelizations of episodes in the series of ''Bond'' films, produced by Eon Productions, while others were either continuation novels or short stories. The first author was Kingsley Amis, writing under the pseudonym of "Robert Markham" who produced one novel; then came novelist and biographer John Pearson who wrote a fictional biography of Bond. Novelist and screenwriter Christopher Wood wrote two novelizations in the late 1970s. Writer John Gardner was asked to continue the series by copyright holders Ian Fleming Publications and, between 1981 and 1996, he wrote fourteen novels and two novelizations. After Gardner retired due to ill health, American author Raymond Benson continued the stories and wrote six ''Bond'' novels, three novelizations and three short stories between 1996 and 2002. There was a hiatus of six years before Sebastian Faulks was commissioned to write a further ''Bond'' novel, which was released on 28 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of Ian Fleming's birth. This was followed in 2011 by a novel by American author Jeffery Deaver, a 2013 novel by William Boyd and a further instalment in September 2015 by Anthony Horowitz. There has also been a spin-off series of books, ''Young Bond'', based around Bond's adventures whilst a schoolboy at Eton College. ==Ian Fleming== During World War II Fleming had mentioned to friends that he wanted to write a spy novel,〔 〕 but it was not until 17 February 1952 that he began to write his first novel, ''Casino Royale''. He started writing his book at his Jamaican home Goldeneye, typing out 2,000 words in the morning, directly from his own experiences and imagination; he finished work on the manuscript in just over two months, completing it on 18 March 1952. Publishers Jonathan Cape were initially reluctant to publish the book, but were persuaded by Fleming's brother Peter (1907–1971), who had previously published material through them. On 13 April 1953 ''Casino Royale'' was released in the UK in hardcover, priced at 10s, 6d, with a cover that had been devised by Fleming himself.〔 The first edition of 4,728 copies of ''Casino Royale'' sold out in less than a month; a second print run the same month also sold out, as did a third run of more than 8,000 books published in May 1954. At the time, Fleming was the Foreign Manager for Kemsley Newspapers, an organisation which owned ''The Sunday Times''. Upon accepting the job, Fleming requested that he be allowed three months holiday per year, which allowed him the freedom to write.〔 The novel centred on the exploits of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the 00 section of the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by his code number, 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Fleming took the name for his character from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide ''Birds of the West Indies''. Fleming based his creation on a number of individuals he came across during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, admitting that Bond "was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war". After the publication of ''Casino Royale'', Fleming used his annual holiday at his house in Jamaica to write another ''Bond'' story;〔 in total, between 1953 and 1966, two years after his death, twelve ''Bond'' novels and two short-story collections were published, with the last two books—''The Man with the Golden Gun'' and ''Octopussy and The Living Daylights''—published posthumously. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of James Bond novels and short stories」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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